Governor for internal-combustion engines



M. MALLORY INVENTOR. Nar/0f? /Va//o/y BY Oct. 9, 945.

GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL-GOMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 26, 1944 Patented Get. 9, 1945 GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Marion Mallory, Detroit, Mich. Application June 2s, 1944, serial No. 542,058 13 claims..P (01. 12s- 103) This invention relates to a governor for an internal combustion engine.

It is the object of this invention to produce a governor which is controlled by pressure conditions obtaining in the intake passageway and which is simple in structure and eilicient in operation so that the speed of the engine will be accurately controlled with no substantial hunting or "surging of the engine speed as the engine responds to different load conditions.

Fig. i is an elevation partly in section showing my governor.

Fig. 2 is an elevation partly in section showing my governor installed on the engine side of a carburetor.

Fig. 3 is a. detail view of a choke ring.

Fig. 4 shows a modication of the governor shown in Fig. 2. y

The elements which comprise my governor are as follows: governor housing I having an inlet 2 and an outlet 3, unbalanced governor 4, valve shaft 5, arm 6 xed on valve shaft 5, spring l, cylinder 8, piston 9, connecting rod Ill between arm S and piston EI, Ioriflce II, orice I2, conduit i3 connecting orifices I I and I2, branch conduit it connecting conduit I3 with cylinder 8, venturi I in conduit I3 which communicates through orifice IS with conduit I8.

It should be noted that orifice II is positioned on the atmosphere side of throttle valve 4 so that as valve d closes the portion of the valve above shaft 5. swings away from orifice II. Orifice I2 'is positioned on the engine side of throttle valve d and on the opposite side of the vertical plane of valve 4 when open so that as valve 4 closes the portion of the valve below shaft 5 swings away from orice I2. The portion of valve 4, Fig. 1, above shaft 5 is larger in area than the portion of valve 4 vbelow shaft 5 so that the unbalance of the valve is such that the manifold suction tends to close the valve. By arranging orifices Il and I2 so that the valve swings away from these orifices as it closes, the Venturi effect created by the valve and the intake passageway as the valve closes does not affect either orifice II or I2.

'I'he governor shown in Fig. 2 is the same as that above described except that a different type of suction device is used. Instead of the suction device comprising cylinder 8 and piston 9, the suction device in Fig. 2 comprises a exible diaphragm Il in housing I8 which communicates only with conduit I4. Conduit I3 is provided with a variable restriction in the form of needle valve I9. 20 is a bypass conduit about restriction l5 from conduit I3 to orice 22. 2| is a check valve in conduit 20.

The carburetor comprises the following parts:

housing 23, venturi 24, inlet 25, throttle valve 26, fuel nozzle 21, fuel bowl 28, inlet 29 through which fuel flows from bowl 28 through nozzle 21, power jet 30, valve 3l controlling power jet 30, spring 32 normally holding valve 3| open, piston 33 connected to the stem of valve 3|, cylinder 34, conduit 35 connecting 4cylinder 34 with conduit I3. The carburetor is secured to the inlet end of governor housing I by bolts 36. For governing the engine at low speeds, a wafer 3l having an opening 38 for restricting the intake passageway is positioned between the carburetor and governor housings.

Operation-In Fig. 2, the governor is shown installed under a carburetor and the engine is idling. As the carburetor throttle is opened wide, the air velocity by orifices II and I2 will create a suction in suction device I8, causing suction device to overcome spring l and pull governor valve il towards a closed position. Governor valve 4, of course, is an unbalanced valve that tends to close as the suction is increased between it and the engine. Naturally, the suction device I8 starts the valve towards a closed position and the vacuum power between the valve 4 and the engine further assists the suction device in closing governor valve. As governor valve 4 starts to close, part of the charge flows into orice II and out of orice I2 by way of conduit I3, as indicated by arrows. This charge flowing through the small venturi I5 increases the suction at orice I6 on the suction device I8, which also increases the power of the suction device. The operation of the governor shown in Fig. 1 is the same' as above described. In both forms of governors, Figs. 1 and 2, as the suction device pulls governor valve 4 toward closed position the manifold suction or vacuum at oriiice I2 will increase but this high vacuum is not impressed upon daphragm I'I or piston` 9 because this high vacuum is bled down through oriilce II and conduit I3. In other words, orifice II changes from a suction oriiice to an air bleed orifice when valve 4 moves toward closed position. When governor valve 4 closes, the vacuum in the manifold on the engine side of the governor valve might rise as high as twenty-five inches of mercury whereas the vacuum in the suction device, due to the bleeding action of orices II and I2, will only reach from, say, about seven inches to ten inches of mercury. This inter-action of oriices II and I2 to blend down the vacuum in the suction device is benencial because it assists the governor valve to operate more smoothly and prevents surging or hunting" of the engine, that is. abrupt and substantial changes in the speed of the engine from the governed speed as the governor valve opens and closes in response to changes in load on the engine. Should the engine start to slow down slightly due to increased load, the lower vacuum at orince I2 permits spring I to start valve 4 toward open position. As governor valve 4 moves toward open position, the vacuum drops rapidly at orifice I2, but oriiice II now becomes a suc'- tion oriilce due to the increased velocity through the intake passageway by orice II and thereby prevents a sudden drop oi' suction in the suction device.

When valve 4 is closed or .partly closed and the engine operating under high vacuum, the vacuum is high in conduit 35, which moves piston 33 and valve 2| upwardly, closing inlet 30, which leans out the mixture. When inlet 3l is closed, the gasoline ow is through inlet 28. As

throttle valve 4 moves toward an open position and the vacuum drops in conduit 35, valva II will open, permitting a richer mixture. Fuel now ilows through both inlets 29 and 30.

The check valve 2| opens and permits a higher vacuum in the suction device Il if the vacuum becomes excessive between valve 4 and the engine due to the engine overspeeding. Opening of valve 2l puts more power on suction device Il and pulls valve 4 further towards a closed position.

The wafer 31 shown in Fig. 3 is placed between the carburetor and the governor if it is desired to govern the engine at reallow engine speeds. When the wafer is used, a higher vacuum is maintained around oriilces Il and I2 when the engine is running at low speeds. If the wafer were not used and it was attempted to govern the engine at real low speeds, the velocity past oriilces II and I2 would be low due to the low engine speed and the suction would not be high enough to start valve 4- closing until the engine had reached a speed higher than the desired governed speed.

'I'he modified form of governor shown in Fig. 4 is identical with that shown in Fig. 2 except that a check valve 40 backed up by a compression spring 4I has been mounted in conduit I3 between venturi I5 and orince Il and a by-pass conduit 42 provided about said -check valve 4I. By-pass conduit 42 has a smaller diameter than conduit I3. Thus, when valve 4 closes to subject orifice I2 to the manifold vacuum, oriilce II acts as an air bleed to orifice I2 through conduit A I3 and by-pass conduit 42. If the manifold vacuum gets exceedingly high at oriiice I2, then check valve 40 opens to thereby increase the air bleeding eilect of orice II on oriilce I2.

1. A device for controlling the speed of an internal combustion engine having an intake passageway comprising a governor valve in said passageway, a suction responsive device connected to said governor valve for controlling the same, a conduit connecting the suction device with the intake passageway on the atmosphere side of said `governor valve, a second conduit connecting the suction device with the intake passageway on the engine side of said governor valve, a restriction in said second conduit, a bypass conduit around said restriction, said bypass conduit connecting said second conduit with the intake passageway on the engineside of the governor valve, a check valve controlling said bypass conduit, said check valve being responsive to the suction in the intake passageway to open as the suction is increased due to the closing of the governor valve whereby the closing of the governor valve is accelerated.

2. In an engine governor having an intake passageway, a governor valve in said passageway, said governor valve being unbalanced so that the velocity of the uid ilowing through the intake passageway and the intake passageway suction tend to close said valve, an orice in said intake passageway between the governor valve and the engine, an orifice in said intake passageway between the governor valve and the atmosphere, a conduit connecting said oriilces, a suction device for controlling said governor valve and connected into the said conduit, an operative connection between the suction device and the governor valve, whereby the oriilce between the governor valve and atmosphere plays the role of an air bleed to the other oriilce when the said governor valve moves toward closed position and said orlilce between the governor valve and atmosphere ceases to be an -air bleed and becomes a suction oriilce when the governor valve moves toward open position.

3. In an engine governor having an intake passageway. a governor valve in said passageway, said governor valve being unbalanced whereby the suction in the intake passageway on the engine side of the valve tends to close said governor valve, resilient means tending to open said valve, an oriilce in the intake passageway between the governor valve and the engine, an orince in the intake passageway between the governor valve and the atmosphere, a conduit' connecting said orifices, a suction device for controlling said governor valve and connected into the said conduit, a connection between the suction device and the governor valve, whereby the orirlce between the governor valve and atmosphere plays the role of an air bleed to the other orice when the said governor valve moves toward closed position and said oriilce between the governor valve and atmosphere ceases to be an air bleed and becomes a suction oriilce when the governor valve moves toward open position. l

4. In an engine governor having an intake passageway, a governor valve in said intake passageway, an oriilce in said passageway between the governor valve and the engine, an orifice in said passageway between the governor valve and atmosphere, a conduit connecting said orifices, a venturi in said conduit, a suction device for controlling said governor valve, a second conduit connecting said suction device with the venturi in said first-mentioned conduit, a connection between the suction device and the governor valve, whereby the orice between the governor valve and atmosphere plays the role ot an air bleed to the other orice when 'the said governor valve moves toward closed position and said orifice between the governor valve and atmosphere ceases to be an air bleed and becomes a suction oriilce when the governor valve moves toward open position.

5. In an engine governor having an intake passageway, a governor valve in said intake passageway, said' governor valve being unbalanced whereby the suction in the intake passageway on the engine side of the valve tends to close said governor valve, an oriilce in said passageway between the governor valve and the4 engine,A an oriilce in said passageway between the governor valve and atmosphere, a conduit connecting said orifices, a venturi in said conduit, a suction device for controlling said governor valve, a second conduit connecting said suction device with the venturi in said first-mentioned conduit, a connection between the suction device and the governor valve, whereby the orifice between the governor valve and atmosphere plays the role of an air bleed to the other orifice when the said governor valve moves toward closed position and said orifice between Vthe governor valve and atmosphere ceases to be an air bleed and becomes a suction orifice when the governor valve moves toward open position.

6. In combination a carburetor for an internal combustion engine, a governor including a housing having a passageway therethrough mounted between the carburetor and the engine, a member having an opening therethrough which serves as a restriction for the motive fluid flowing throughthe carburetor into the governor housing, said member being positioned between the governor housing and the carburetor, a governor valve mounted in the passageway in said housing, a suction device, a conduit-connecting the suction device with the passageway in the governor housing on the engine side of the governor valve, a connection between the suction device and the governor valve whereby the suction device responds to a fall in the pressure in the intake passageway on the engine side of said governor valve and moves said governor valve toward closed position.

7. In combination a carburetor for an internal combustion engine, a governor including a housing having a passageway therethrough mounted between the carburetor and the engine, a member having an opening therethrough which serves as a restriction for the motive fluid flowing through the carburetor into the governor housing, said lmember being positioned between the governor housing and the carburetor, a governor valve mounted in the passageway in said housing, a suction device, a conduit connecting the suction device with the passageway in the governor housing on the engine side of the governor valve, a second conduit connecting the suction device with the passageway in the governor housing between the restricting member and the governor valve, a connection between the suction device and the governor valve whereby the suction device responds to a fall in the pressure in the intake passageway on the engine side of said governor valve and moves said governor valve toward closed position.

8. In combination a carburetor for an internal combustion engine, a governor including a housing having a passageway therethrough mounted between the carburetor and the engine, a metal wafer having an opening therethrough which serves as a restriction for the motive fluid flowing through the carburetor into the governor housing, said metal wafer being positioned between the governor housing and the carburetor, a governor valve mounted in the passageway in said housing, a suction device, a conduit connecting the suction device with the passageway in the governorhousing on the engine side of the governor valve, a connection between the suction device and the governor valve whereby the suction device responds to a fall in the pressure in the intake passageway on the engine side of said governor valve and moves said governor valve toward closed position.

9. In combination a carburetor for an internal combustion engine, said carburetor having an intake passage way, a source of fuel, a power jet for said carburetor and communicating with said sourceof fuel and the carburetor intake passageway, a governor housing including an intake passageway positioned between the carburetor and the engine, a governor throttle valve in the passageway in said housing, suction responsive means connected to said governor valve, a conduit connecting said suction responsive means with the intake passageway on the engine side of the governor valve, suction responsive valve means controlling the flow of fuel through said power jet. and a second conduit connecting said first conduit with said suction responsive valve means whereby as the governor throttle valve moves toward closed position to increase the vacuum' in the` said passageway on the engine 1 side of the governor throttle valve the power jet closes to lean out the mixture.

10. A governor for an internal combustion engine having an intake passageway comprising, a governor throttle valve in said passageway of the butterfly type arranged to swing about a fixed axis in said intake passageway, an orifice in said housing passageway on the engine side of said governor throttle valve and positioned so that the portion of the governor throttle valve on the engine side of the valve axislswings away from said orifice as the governor valve moves toward closed position, a suction device for controlling said governor valve, aconduit connecting said orifice and the suction device whereby the suction device is actuated by changes in pressure obtaining in the intake passageway on the engine side of the governor throttle valve and a connection between the suction device and the governor valve whereby as the pressure falls in the intake passageway on the engine side of the governor throttle valve the suction device tends to move said governor valve toward closed position.

11. A governor for an internal combustion engine comprising a housing having an intake passageway, a governor throttle valve in said passageway of the butterfly type-arranged to swing about a fixed axis in said intake passageway, an orifice in said housing on the engine side of said governor throttle valve and positioned so that the portion of the governor throttle valve on the en' gine side of the valve axis swings away from said orifice as the governor valve moves toward closed position, a second orifice in the governor housing on the atmosphere side of said governor valve and positioned with respect to said governor valve so that as the valve moves toward closed position the portion of the governor valve on the atmosphere side of the governor valve axis swings away from said second orifice, a suction device for controlling said governor valve, a conduit connecting said orifices with said suction device, a connection between the suction device and the governor throttle valve whereby the orice between the governor valve and atmosphere plays the role of an air bleed to the other orifice when the said governor valve moves toward closed position and said orifice between the governor valve and atmosphere ceases to be an air bleed and becomes a suction orice when the governor valve moves toward open position and whereby neither of said orices is effected by the Venturi action between said governor throttle valve and the walls of the intake passageway as the governor valve moves toward closed position.

12. The combination as set forth in claim 2 including a check valve in said conduit between the second mentioned oriilce and the suction'device and arranged to open when the suction device is subjected to high vacuum and al bypass conduit about said check valve and connected into said mst-mentioned conduit on opposite sides of said check valve:

1 3. A governor vfor an internal 4combustionem gine having an intake passageway, comprising 4a. governor throttle valve in 'said passageway of the butterily type arranged to swing about 'a xed axis in said intake passageway, said governor throttle valve being unbalanced so that the velocity of the uid flowing through the intake passageway and the intake passageway suction tends to close said valve, an orifice in said passageway on the engine side of said governor throttle valve and positioned so that the portion of the governor throttle valve'on the engine side of 'the valve axis swings away from said orifice as the governor valve moves toward closed position. a second orice in said intake passageway on the atmosphere side of said governor valve moves toward closed ernorfthrottle valve whereby as 'in the intake passageway on the engine side o( the assenso and positioned with respect to said governor valve so that as the valve moves toward closed position the portion of the governor valve on the stmosphere side of the governor valve axis swings away from said second orifice, a suction device for controlling said governor valve, s conduit connecting said orinces with said suction device, a connection between the suction device and the govthe pressure fails sition.

' MARION MALDORY. 

